These 7 cosmetics companies, control almost every single beauty product you buy!

Megan Willett-Wei and Skye Gould May 18, 2017, 6:44 PM

• The beauty industry has hundreds of brands.
• Seven conglomerates own 182 of those brands.
• They employ thousands and make billions of dollars each year.
• They also control advertising and the way we think about beauty.

As consumers, we like to think we’re making a conscious decision when we buy from a certain brand! Especially when it comes to something as personal as beauty products.

But 182 beauty companies fall under the massive umbrellas of seven huge manufacturers.

Inspired by a graphic that shows all the food brands owned by major corporations. INSIDER created one that illustrates all the major beauty brands and the parent companies they fall under.

These seven megacompanies:

Estée Lauder Companies, L’Oréal, Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Shiseido, Johnson & Johnson, and Coty! Employs thousands of people around the world, and make billions of dollars in revenue every year. They also control advertising and the way we all think about beauty.

Each conglomerate has more than just the sub brands we listed here. But for our purposes, we are stocked, with brands. That are responsible for skin care (for both the body and face), hair care, perfume, and makeup.

We did not include brands that only made products such as deodorant, toothpaste, suntan lotion, or baby lotion! But we did count the sub brands of relevant brands (i.e. Pantene and Pantene Pro-V).

What remains is a compelling look at who controls the beauty products we’re buying. From fan favorites like CoverGirl to expensive and aspirational skin-care lines like La Mer.

Estée Lauder Companies:

Is responsible for 24 of the beauty brands on this list. Some of its holdings include makeup and fragrances by fashion brands. Like Donna Karan, Michael Kors, Tom Ford, Tommy Hilfiger, and Tory Burch. Each of which has its own cosmetics or toiletries line.

The company also has quite a few well-known beauty brands, including Aveda, Bobbi Brown, Clinique, La Mer, and MAC Cosmetics.

Estée Lauder made an estimated $11.3 billion in beauty sales in 2016, according to Beauty Packaging.

L’Oréal:

Has the most brands on this list, with a total of 39 beauty brands. Including major staples like Lancôme, Maybelline, Urban Decay, Garnier, Essie, and The Body Shop. It also has expensive skin-care and hair-care brands, including Pureology, La Roche-Posay, and Skin Ceuticals.

In made $27.6 billion in beauty annual sales in 2016, according to Beauty Packaging.

Unilever:

Has 38 beauty sub brands, and many of those. Including Nexxus, Pond’s, TIGI, Dove, Vaseline, and Lever 2000, are drugstore staples in the US.

Furthermore, it also has quite a few brands. That are popular outside the US. Including Fair & Lovely, a “fairness cream” that’s marketed in India as a skin-lightening lotion for women. It has received backlash for promoting one shade of skin as better than another.

Unilever made $58.2 billion in corporate sales in 2016, according to Beauty Packaging. $22.3 billion was from beauty sales.

P&G:

The ninth beauty brands include big-name brands Head & Shoulders, Herbal Essences, Olay, and Gillette. The company made $76 billion from corporate sales in 2016, according to Beauty Packaging. More than $18 billion just from beauty sales. The corporation sold many of its beauty brands to Coty in October 2016.

Coty: 

Has become a leader in the beauty industry, with 33 total brands. It owns many big name products! Including OPI Products, Rimmel, and CoverGirl, and it’s behind celebrity toiletries from Katy Perry, David Beckham, and Beyoncé, among others.

In 2016, Coty made $4.3 billion in beauty sales, according to Beauty Packaging. After its 2016 P&G acquisitions, we expect this number to rise dramatically.

Shiseido:

Which itself is a well-known as a skin-care brand, has about 30 other beauty brands underneath it. Some of those are also makeup brands, including BareMinerals, Nars Cosmetics, and Laura Mercier.

The vast majority are brands that might not be recognized in the US. Including Japanese brands Majolica Majorca, Ettusais, Maquillage, and Aqualabel, which also markets products to “whiten” skin.

The Japanese corporation made $6.3 billion in beauty sales in 2016, according to Beauty Packaging.

Johnson & Johnson

The last major brand, we included on this list! Is on the smaller side, but what it lacks in quantity it makes up for in name recognition. Johnson & Johnson owns nine beauty brands, including Aveeno, Neutrogena, Clean & Clear, and RoC® Skincare.

The company made $7.1 billion in beauty sales in 2016, according to Beauty Packaging.

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Facial Makeup Products:

Facial Makeup Products are products that are used to color and highlight facial features. They can either directly add or alter color or can be applied over a foundation that serves to make the color even and smooth.

Lip Color:

Facial makeup products are products that are used to color and highlight facial features. They can either directly add or alter color, or can be applied over a foundation making the color even and smooth.For ingredient and safety information on facial makeup products, use the links below.Lip colors are products that apply color, texture, and/or shine to the lips using a brush or other applicator. Lip colors contain ingredients that apply color to the lips in a precise and controlled manner.

Concealers:

Concealers are products that are intended to conceal or cover up skin imperfections on the face. They typically work by applying color to the skin or through other effects. Such as the reflection of light or the shininess of the skin. They can be applied using a brush, cloth or spray and are typically used in conjunction with Foundations. Concealers contain ingredients that apply color where it is needed in a precise and controlled manner. Concealers safety is established by selection of ingredients that are safe and suitable for this purpose.

Foundations:

Foundations are creams, lotions or powders used as a base for facial makeup. They can be used to color the face and to conceal blemishes to produce an impression of health and youth. Foundations contain ingredients that apply color and/or powder to the skin in a precise and controlled manner. Foundation product safety is established by selection of ingredients that are safe and suitable for this purpose. In addition, Foundations are assessed for their potential to cause skin irritation or cause allergic reactions.

Face Powders:

Face Powders are products that are intended to change the appearance of facial skin. They typically work by applying color to the skin or through other effects such as altering the reflection of light or the shininess of the skin. They are typically applied using a brush. Face Powders contain ingredients that apply color and/or powder to the skin in a precise and controlled manner. Face Powder product safety is established by selection of ingredients that are safe and suitable for this purpose.

Cheek Color:

Cheek Colors are products that apply color to accent and highlight the cheekbones or cover up skin imperfections. Cheek color is often applied by women to redden the cheeks so as to provide a more youthful appearance. Cheek Colors contain ingredients that apply color where it is needed in a precise and controlled manner. Cheek Colors safety is established by selection of ingredients that are safe and suitable for this purpose. In addition, Cheek Colors are assessed for their potential to cause skin irritation or cause allergic reactions.

Lip colors:

Lip colors are products that apply color, texture, and/or shine to the lips using a brush or other applicator. Lip colors contain ingredients that apply color to the lips in a precise and controlled manner. Lip colors can also have multifunctional benefits, such as moisturizing, or may even include sunscreen for SPF protection. Lip color product safety is established by selection of ingredients that are safe and suitable for this intended use and purpose. The colors themselves must be pre-approved by FDA and are listed in the color additive regulations before they may be used in cosmetics. These color additives are intended for specific use in lip products.

Additionally, some colors are also subject to the FDA certification process whereby every manufactured batch must be analyzed and found to meet required purity standards. In addition, lip colors are assessed for their potential to cause skin irritation or cause allergic reactions. Product safety is also substantiated though strict adherence to the principles of Quality Assurance and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), for example, by testing the compatibility of the product with packaging as well as shelf-life stability.

Companies also include contact information on their products where consumer comments or concerns may be reported. Finally, companies perform post-market monitoring of their products to track any consumer comments, questions or concerns.
Common Ingredients in Lip Products:

• Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil
• Glycerin
• Propylene Glycol
• Polybutene
• Stearalkonium Hectorite
• Mica
• Titanium Dioxide
• Zinc Oxide
• Carbomer
• Mineral Oil
• Fragrance
• Botanical Ingredients
• Colorants

Concealers:

Concealers are products that are intended to conceal or cover up skin imperfections on the face. They typically work by applying color to the skin or through other effects such as the reflection of light or the shininess of the skin. They can be applied using a brush, cloth or spray and are typically used in conjunction with Foundations. Concealers contain ingredients that apply color where it is needed in a precise and controlled manner. Concealers safety is established by selection of ingredients that are safe and suitable for this purpose.

In addition, Concealers are assessed for their potential to cause skin irritation or cause allergic reactions. Product safety is also ensured though strict adherence to the principles of Quality Assurance and Good Manufacturing Practices. This includes testing the compatibility of the product with packaging as well as shelf-life stability. Finally, the safety of products is monitored in the market-place to track any consumer comments or complaints. Companies include a phone number on their products where comments or complaints may be reported.

Foundations:

Foundations are creams, lotions or powders used as a base for facial makeup. They can be used to color the face and to conceal blemishes to produce an impression of health and youth. Foundations contain ingredients that apply color and/or powder to the skin in a precise and controlled manner. Foundation product safety is established by selection of ingredients that are safe and suitable for this purpose. In addition, Foundations are assessed for their potential to cause skin irritation or cause allergic reactions.

Product safety is also ensured though strict adherence to the principles of Quality Assurance and Good Manufacturing Practices. This includes testing the compatibility of the product with packaging as well as shelf-life stability. Finally, the safety of products is monitored in the market-place to track any consumer comments or complaints. Companies include a phone number on their products where comments or complaints may be reported.

Face Powders:

Face Powders are products that are intended to change the appearance of facial skin. They typically work by applying color to the skin or through other effects such as altering the reflection of light or the shininess of the skin. They are typically applied using a brush. Face Powders contain ingredients that apply color and/or powder to the skin in a precise and controlled manner. Face Powder product safety is established by selection of ingredients that are safe and suitable for this purpose. In addition, Face Powders are assessed for their potential to cause skin irritation or cause allergic reactions.

Product safety is also ensured though strict adherence to the principles of Quality Assurance and Good Manufacturing Practices. This includes testing the compatibility of the product with packaging as well as shelf-life stability. Finally, the safety of products is monitored in the market-place to track any consumer comments or complaints. Companies include a phone number on their products where comments or complaints may be reported.

Cheek Colors:

Cheek Colors are products that apply color to accent and highlight the cheekbones or cover up skin imperfections. The color is often applied by women to redden the cheeks so as to provide a more youthful appearance. It contain ingredients, that apply color where it is needed in a precise and controlled manner. Safety is established by selection of ingredients that are safe and suitable for this purpose. In addition, Cheek Colors are assessed for their potential to cause skin irritation or cause allergic reactions.

Product safety is also ensured, though strict adherence to the principles of Quality Assurance and Good Manufacturing Practices. This includes testing the compatibility of the product with packaging as well as shelf-life stability. Finally, the safety of the products is monitored in the market-place, to track any consumer comments or complaints. Companies include a phone number on their products where comments or complaints may be reported.

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The beauty industry:

Is a multi-billion-dollar industry which is known to stay strong even in times of economic strife, while the following top 10 cosmetics companies are leading the global cosmetics market for decades. Research studies conducted on the cosmetic industry highlight that the cosmetic market fared well even during the Great Recession of 2008.

Largest Cosmetics Companies – Though consumers tend to be more price conscious during an economic downturn, they do not stop spending on beauty products. Therefore, in today’s environment of rising per capita income, there is immense scope for growth in the beauty business. Cosmetic companies across the globe are thriving on the diversity of products and demographics at their disposal.

Unilever:

Unilever is among the largest consumer goods companies in the world. The company has also managed to carve a place for itself in the cosmetics industry with popular cosmetics brands such as Axe/Lynx, Dove, Lifebuoy, Pond’s, Close-Up, TRESemmé, Suave, Sunsilk, and Vaseline. In 2017, Unilever announced the creation of a new company, Unilever Cosmetics International to extend its global portfolio of prestige beauty and fragrance brands.

L’Oréal:

As one of the largest cosmetics companies and top beauty brands in the world, L’Oréal began its journey in the cosmetic industry more than a century ago in 1909. Today, L’Oréal generates over USD 30 billion as annual beauty product sales.

Its product range includes color cosmetics, skincare, hair care, sun care products, and fragrances. Its most important brands include L’Oréal Paris, Garnier, Maybelline New York, and Softsheen. The company also sells luxury brands such as Lancôme, Giorgio Armani, Yves Saint Laurent, and Kiehl’s.

It specializes in professional hair care products such as Kérastase, Redken, Matrix, and Pureology and owns beauty product distributors such as The Body Shop.

Technavio has been closely monitoring the latest cosmetics market trends to create an in-depth portfolio of cosmetics market research reports.

These reports help our clients identify opportunities within the market and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions.

Take a look at Technavio’s Cosmetics Market Research Library and download your free sample report today – Largest Cosmetics Companies!

Estée Lauder:

Estée Lauder is one of the world’s leading manufacturers and marketers of quality skin care, makeup, fragrance and hair care products. The company provides prestige makeup, skin care, fragrance and hair care with a diverse portfolio of 25+ brands sold in 150 countries. Since its inception in the 1940’s the company has been engaged in leaving an indelible mark on all aspects of the beauty industry. Today, Estée Lauder continues to push boundaries in the global premium cosmetics market, making it one of the world’s most popular cosmetics companies.

Proctor and Gamble:

Located in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA P&G holds a significant position in the skin care and hair care business with several well-known brands including Aussie, Gillette, Head & Shoulders, Herbal Essences, Ivory, Olay, Old Spice, Pantene, Safeguard, Secret, Crest, Oral-B, Scope, Art of Shaving and more. The company offers a wide range of beauty and personal care products for all men, women, as well as babies and kids.

Coty:

Coty is a New York based company that has built up its beauty business through acquisitions in recent years. The company is a big player in Fragrance, professional hair care and color cosmetics.  The company own brands such as Adidas, Clairol, CoverGirl, David Beckham, Katy Perry, Max Factor, Rimmel, Sally Hansen and Wella. They also own luxury brands such as Marc Jacobs, Calvin Klein, Chloé, Gucci, Hugo Boss, and Philosophy.

Read more: Top 5 Perfume and Fragrance Companies to Watch Out For in 2018

Shiseido:

Shiseido was founded in 1872 in Ginza, Tokyo, as the first Western-style pharmacy in Japan. The name Shiseido incorporates the founder’s desire to discover and create new value, a desire that has endured for over 140 years to build the companies unique heritage. This Japanese company makes all types of personal care products including skincare, fragrance, hair care, sun care, body care and makeup. Some of its popular brands include Shiseido, Za, Senka, Anessa, Sea Breeze, Nars, and Bare Essentials.

Beiersdorf:

Beiersdorf has been caring about skin for more than 130 years. They have a wide range of personal care products including skincare and body care brands. Some of their most important brands include Nivea, Eucerin, Labello, Florena, and La Prairie. The company caters to all sorts of needs and operates across different markets including the mass market, dermo cosmetics, and the premium cosmetics market.

Johnson & Johnson:

Despite being a pharmaceutical company J&J has become known for its beauty products across the world. This includes products for baby care, skin care and oral products. It’s most famous brands include Johnson’s Baby, Neutrogena, Aveeno, and Listerine. In fact, several baby products such as oil and shampoo have become synonymous with the name Johnson and Johnson. The company generated a revenue of more than USD 76 billion in 2017.

Amore Pacific:

Amore Pacific is a beauty products company based in South Korea. The company launched its cosmetics brand AMOREPACIFIC in 2002. The company which focuses primarily on developing natural beauty products has slowly made a name for itself in the beauty industry, benefitting from the K-beauty trend in recent years. The company is growing at a rapid pace with increasing demand for some of its most popular brands including Sulwhasoo, Laneige, Mamonde, Innisfree, Etude, Lolita Lempicka, Annick Goutal.

Kao corporation:

Kao cosmetics is listed in the Forbes ranking as a USD 34.4 billion company. Kao cosmetics company which is headquartered in Japan sells products in all cosmetic categories including color cosmetics, skincare, facial and body cleansers and hair care. Popular brands from this company include Bioré, Jergens, John Frieda, and Goldwell.

Largest Cosmetics Companies – Dior Design: 

• ≃+7.5%
• +7.5% growth in 2018

Largest Cosmetics Companies – L.A Girl Design:

Global Beauty Brands – Forbes:

The global cosmetics market continued to grow steadily, spurred on by the limitless diversity of consumer aspirations and by innovation. This constant growth can be explained by the very nature of the cosmetics sector, which addresses a need that has been around since the beginning of human history: the quest for beauty.

The world in 2019:

In the $382 billion global beauty business, these are the 10 brands that matter. Brand valuation firm Brand Finance ranked the 50 biggest beauty brands by projected revenues, customer loyalty and willingness to pay a price premium, royalty rates and current market value.

As one of the largest cosmetics companies and top beauty brands in the world, L’Oréal began its journey in the cosmetic industry more than a century ago in 1909.

1. L’Oréal.
2. Unilever. 
3. Estée Lauder. 
4. Proctor and Gamble. 
5. Coty. 
6. Shiseido. 
7. Beiersdorf. 
8. Mac.
9. Revlon.

Largest Cosmetics Companies – Growth of the worldwide cosmetics market over 10 years.

United States:

Within the United States, the state of California has the largest concentration of beauty establishments in America at 25.5%, followed by New Jersey at 8.1% of American beauty establishments. Since 2016 the number of cosmetic stores rises between 3 and 4% each year and employment in this division is rising each year 13-16%. California has the largest concentration due to social media marketing from celebrities and ‘beauty gurus’. For example, Kylie Jenner’s company Kylie Cosmetics, is valued at $800 million and sold an estimated $330 million worth of makeup in 2017.

YouTube and social media influencers Jeffree Star:

(Jeffree Star Cosmetics), and Michelle Phan (Ipsy), and pop-star Rihanna with her Fenty Beauty line of cosmetics, have also contributed to California’s rising popularity in the beauty industry.^[5]

Because the US dollar is so valuable to other countries around the world, it has become extremely expensive for most countries to import American beauty products and to export their own products to America. However, there are a few countries with beauty products that are in popular demand in America due to their quality and value including France, Canada, Italy, and the United Kingdom. As of 2018,

“These four countries account for 45.2% of all industry imports as domestic consumers demand luxury products”.^[3] South Korean and Japanese skincare products which are designed to be more gentle and innovative, are also becoming more popularized in the United States due to their quality and affordability. The U.S has held the same regulation over this industry since 1938 under the FD&C Act, which has gained additional amendments over time.

Canada:

Canada is a big influencer in the American beauty industry due to its proximity to the United States and because it falls under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This agreement “eliminates most tariffs on products traded between Canada, Mexico, and the United States,” and allows Canada to trade superfluously. Canada accounts for an estimated 13.6% of imports and 19.9% of cosmetic exports in 2018. Because Mexico also benefits from the NAFTA trade agreement, they represent another top cosmetic importer and exporter for lower-priced beauty products which are manufactured in mass and sold in large drug store chains in America.

France:

Cosmetic sales in France reached €6.5 billion in 2006, according to FIPAR (Fédération des Industries de la Perfumeries – the French federation for the perfume industry). France is another country in which the cosmetic industry plays an important role, both nationally and internationally. Most products with a label, “Made in France” are valued on the international market. According to data from 2008, the cosmetic industry has grown constantly in France for 40 consecutive years. Famous cosmetic brands produced in France include Vichy, Yves Saint Laurent, Yves Rocher and L’Oréal. L’Oréal is known for its mass production of hair and makeup products which are produced in mass and sold in drug stores in America as well as internationally.

L’Oréal has gained popularity especially due to its app Makeup Genius which allows users to try on makeup using their phone camera in addition to working with Los Angeles-based NYX Cosmetics and Estee Lauder’s MAC Cosmetics, L’Oréal is one of the leading cosmetic brands in the United States.

Largest Cosmetics Companies – According to the company’s latest financial report of 2017, North America accounted for 13.6% of the company’s global cosmetic sales.

Germany:

In Germany, the cosmetic industry generated €12.6 billion of retail sales in 2008, which, at the time, made the German cosmetic industry the third largest in the world after Japan and the United States. It has been shown that Germany’s cosmetic industry grew nearly 5 percent in one year, from 2007 to 2008. German exports in this industry reached €5.8 billion in 2008, whereas imports of cosmetics totaled €3 billion.

Germany gains most of its imported cosmetics from France, Switzerland, the United States and Italy.

Italy:

The Italian cosmetic industry is also an important player in the European cosmetic market. Although not as large as in other European countries, the cosmetic industry in Italy was estimated to reach €9 billion in 2007. The Italian cosmetic industry is however dominated by hair and body products and not makeup as in many other European countries. In Italy, hair and body products make up approximately 30% of the cosmetic market.

Makeup and facial care, however, are the most common cosmetic products exported to the United States.

Asia:

The cosmetic industry in Asia is mainly dominated by regional cosmetic brands. Shiseido Co. LTD, A popular cosmetic brand based in Japan, has 82.1% of its sales in Asia. No other Western company in the top 10 match these kinds of regional sales. Furthermore, geographic dispersion of sales by Asian cosmetic companies in Asia accounted for 92.42% of sales, while geographic dispersion of assets of Asian cosmetic companies in Asia was 87.05%. Western cosmetic companies often have failed to gain footholds in various countries.

For example, in Japan, many advertisement campaigns that find success in the West, such as celebrity appearances and references to science, did not sway a sample group of respondents to purchase the foreign brands. However, despite the lack of Western cosmetic presence, the growing trend of “fair skin”, or whiting one’s skin, can expose consumers skin to harmful chemicals when using “fairness creams”.

Do to recent significant economic growth in many Asian markets, regulation pertaining to chemicals in cosmetic products has been lacking. SK-II, a cosmetic product owned by P&G, was found to contain banned heavy metals in China in 2006.

Another study found that women who had recently moved to Vancouver, Canada from East and South Asia had higher levels of lead in their blood than South and East Asian immigrants who had been living in Canada for longer. One of sources of lead was determined to be some facial powders marketed various regions of Asia.

The cosmetic industry is dominated by a small number of multinational corporations that originated in the early 20th century, but the distribution and sale of cosmetics is spread among a wide range of different businesses. The largest cosmetic companies are Johnson & Johnson, L’Oréal Paris, Gillette, Neutrogena, Nivea and Chanel, Inc. The market volume of the cosmetics industry in the Europe and United States is about EUR €70b per year, according to a 2005 publication. The worldwide cosmetics and perfume industry currently generates an estimated annual turnover of US$170 billion (according to Eurostat – May 2007). Europe is the leading market, representing approximately €63 billion.

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• Are beauty publisher lifestyle brand launches set to be the next big industry crossover?
• Everyday, every way: the indie sun care brands ramping up innovation

If there’s any sector that perfectly highlights the profitability and success of cross-industry partnerships, it’s our very own beauty world. In fact, it seems that every market from digital, fashion, film and charitable is clamoring over themselves to take a slice of the cosmetics pie. And you can’t really blame them, what with the global market expected to reach USD 716.6 billion by 2025 and all that.

So in all honesty, the latest trend of beauty publishers well and truly stepping out of their box and attempting to become lifestyle brands hasn’t shocked me. Well, not that much. But why are the likes of Refinery29, Who What Wear and Vogue driving out of their line and starting to dabble in product launches?

Updated: 13-02-2021

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Cosmetics:

Are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance of the face or fragrance and texture of the body. Many cosmetics are designed for used By applying it to the face, hair or body. They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds. Some being derived from natural sources, such as coconut oil and some synthetic or artificial. Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.

For instance, common make-up items includes! Lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, blush, and contour. Similarly or other cosmetics, can include skin cleansers, body lotions, shampoo and conditioner. Furthermore hairstyling products. such as gel, hair spray. Above all, perfume and cologne.

In the United States:

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics. Defines cosmetics as intended to be applied, to the human body. Used for cleansing, beautifying. Promoting attractiveness or altering, the appearance. Without affecting the body’s structure or functions. This broad definition includes, any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. The FDA specifically excludes pure soap from this category.

Cosmetics have been used for thousands of years. The absence of regulation of the manufacture and use of cosmetics.  Has led to negative side effects. Deformities, blindness, and even death through the ages. Examples are the prevalent use of ceruse white lead. Used to cover the face during the renaissance, and blindness. Caused by the mascara lash lure, during the early 20th century.

Egyptian men and women:

Used makeup to enhance their appearance. They were very fond of eyeliner and eye-shadows, in dark colors. Including blue, red, and black. Ancient Sumerian men and women, were possibly. The first to invent and wear lipstick, about 5,000 years ago. They crushed gemstones and used them to decorate their faces. Mainly on the lips and around the eyes. Also around 3000 BC to 1500 BC. Women in the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. They applied red tinted lipstick, to their lips for face decoration.

Ancient Egyptians extracted red dye from fucus-algin, 0.01% iodine, and some bromine mannite. But this dye resulted in serious illness. Lipsticks with shimmering effects, were initially made using a pearlescent substance, found in fish scales. Six thousand year old relics, where found. In the hollowed out tombs, of the Ancient Egyptian and pharaohs where discovered.

According to one source, early major developments include:

• Kohl used by ancient Egypt as a protectant of the eye.
• Castor oil used by ancient Egypt as a protective balm.
• Skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, and rose water, described by Romans.
• Vaseline and lanolin in the nineteenth century.

The Ancient Greeks:

Also used cosmetics, as the Ancient Romans did. Cosmetics are mentioned in the Old Testament, such as in 2 Kings 9:30. Where Jezebel painted her eyelids. Approximately 840 Bc and in the book of Esther. Where beauty treatments are described.

One of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines, is the fungus Tremella fuciformis. Used as a beauty product, by women in China and Japan. The fungus reportedly, increases moisture retention in the skin and to prevent senile degradation.  Of micro-blood vessels in the skin. Reducing wrinkles and smoothing fine lines.

Other anti-aging effects come from increasing the presence of superoxide dismutase in the brain and liver; it is an enzyme that acts as a potent antioxidant throughout the body, particularly in the skin. Tremella fuciformis is also known in Chinese medicine for nourishing the lungs.

In the Middle Ages:

It seemed completely natural that the face should be whitened and the cheeks rouged. During the sixteenth century, the personal attributes of the women who used make-up created a demand for the product among the upper class.

Cosmetic use was frowned upon at many points in Western history. For example, in the 19th century, Queen Victoria publicly declared make-up improper, vulgar, and acceptable only for use by actors.

Many women in the 19th century:

Liked to be thought of as fragile ladies. They compared themselves to delicate flowers and emphasized their delicacy and femininity. They aimed always to look pale and interesting. Sometimes ladies discreetly used a little rouge on the cheeks and used “belladonna” to dilate their eyes. So it would make them stand out more. Make-up was frowned upon in general, especially during the 1870s when social etiquette became more rigid. Teachers and clergywomen specifically were forbidden from the use of cosmetic products.

During the 19th century:

There was a high number of incidences of lead-poisoning. Because of the fashion for red and white lead makeup and powder. This led to swelling and inflammation of the eyes, weakened tooth enamel, and caused the skin to blacken. Heavy use was known to lead to death. However, in the second part of the 19th century. Great advances, were made in chemistry. From the chemical fragrances, that enabled a much easier production of cosmetic products.

It was socially acceptable for actresses in the 1800s to use makeup, and famous beauties such as Sarah Bernhardt and Lillie Langtry, could be powdered. Most cosmetic products available were still either chemically dubious or found in the kitchen. Amid food coloring, berries and beetroot.

By the middle of the 20th century, cosmetics were in widespread use by women in nearly all industrial societies around the world. The cosmetic industry became a multi billion dollar enterprise by the beginning of the 21st century.

Although modern make-up:

Has been traditionally used mainly by women. An increasing number of men, are using cosmetics. Usually associated to women to enhance or cover their own facial features. Such as blemishes, dark circles, and so on. However cosmetics brands, release products specially tailored for men, and men are increasingly using them. So from around 2016, the world’s largest cosmetics company is L’Oréal. Which was founded by Eugène Schueller in 1909. Secondly the French Harmless Hair Coloring Company (now owned by Liliane Bettencourt 26% and Nestlé 28%; the remaining 46% is traded publicly).

Furthermore the market was developed, in the US during in 1910s. By Elizabeth Arden, Helena Rubinstein, and Max Factor. These firms were later joined by Revlon. Just before World War II and Estée Lauder just after the war.

In 1968 at the feminist Miss America protest. Protestors symbolically threw a number of feminine products into a Freedom Trash Can. This included cosmetics, which were among items. The protestors called instruments of female torture and accouterments of what they perceived, to be enforced femininity.

Posted: December 16, 2020

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